10.1 Case Recording

1. Introduction

Case recording is an essential part of daily social work practice. It involves:

• recording the views of the adult and their carers;
• writing down the work that has been undertaken;
• life history, assessment and analysis;
• documenting the progress adults make towards their desired outcomes;

Case recording also provides an evidence trail of the work done with an adult, and their carer and is a vital tool to enable staff to reflect on their ongoing work with adults / carers and to plan future work. Records should be used as part of supervision, in conjunction with supervisors / managers.

Staff should always remember that in the event of a safeguarding inquiry or other investigation, case records will be used and scrutinised. Staff will be accountable for all entries they make, and should be mindful of this when documenting their actions and professional judgements.

Staff should also remember that records may be shared with the adult, and this should be reflected in the language used and the manner in which judgements are recorded.

2. The Purpose of Case Recording

Whilst some of the main reasons for case recording have been noted above, overall the purpose is to:

• document the involvement of adult social care services with the adult / carer, including the provision of services;
• inform assessment and care and support planning;
• enable staff to review and reflect on their work;
• assist staff in identifying any patterns in behaviour or risk;
• ensure accountability for actions taken and not taken, with reasons – documents decision making and thinking;
• assist with practice continuity, if new staff begin working with the adult;
• assist partnership working between staff and adults / carers;
• document risks and risk management / contingency plans (see Assessing and Managing Risks chapter);
• meet statutory requirements;
• provide evidence for legal proceedings;
• provide performance information;
• provide evidence for inquiries, review or complaints.

3. Principles of Case Recording

Case records should

• be based on a general principle of openness and accuracy:
• be drawn up in partnership with the adult;
• record the views of the adult, in their own words where appropriate, including whether they have given permission to share information;
• be an accurate and up to date record of work, which is regularly reviewed and summarised;
• include a record of decisions taken and reasons for them;
• include a chronology of significant events;
• be evidence based and ethical;
• separate fact from opinion;
• incorporate assessment, including risk assessment where appropriate;
• include an up to date care and support plan (see Care and Support Planning chapter);
• record race / ethnicity, gender, religion, language, disability;
• be used by the supervisor / line manager as part of overall measurement of staff performance;
• in the case of hard copy records – be legible, signed and dated;
• include management sign off for major decisions and referral onto senior managers;
• be kept securely and shared in accordance with data protection principles.

4. Issues in Case Recording

In addition to ensuring the principles above underpin case recording, other areas to consider include:

• the adult’s voice should not be ‘missing’ from the case record: whilst actions taken in relation to them are documented, their wishes, feelings, views and understanding of their situation should be clearly recorded. There may be a tendency to focus on the views of a carer who is able to be more vocal, rather than the adult who may have more difficulty in expressing themselves;
• the size of the record may make it difficult to manage: records should be focused and important information highlighted and regular summaries / transfer summaries included to make it easier to find for others reading the record;
• a completed assessment should be on file: information must be analysed and a plan created for the assessment to be complete. An assessment is not just about collating information;
• the record must be written for sharing: making it easy for the adult to read and understand. Language should be plain, clear and respectful, keeping social work terms and acronyms / abbreviations to a minimum. Records should be shared regularly with the adult to encourage them to contribute to the record;
• the record should be used as a tool for analysis: it should not simply record what is happening, but also to analyse and hypothesise why particular situations and events are occurring. The use of genograms, chronologies and assessment records can help organise and analyse information.

Issues for managers and policy makers can include:

• recording policies should be sufficiently detailed to support staff: they should state clearly what records need to be completed and when;
• social work practice and recording should be integral and not seen as separate issues;
• recording should be referenced in job descriptions and on agenda items in staff induction, supervision and performance development reviews;
• policies, procedures and practice tools for capturing information should be developed and implemented with the involvement of practitioners: new developments should be informed by staff views;
• systems should be developed or reviewed to ensure the same information is not requested multiple times. This saves the adult / carer from being repeatedly asked for the same information, as well as staff time and resources.